What is necessary in order to create a specific work plan for a sport, is to quantify the physiological charge required to soccer players during high-level competitions. Nowadays, the trainer's requirement in elite-sports is to qualify, certainly, but also to make the planning of work on the field more accurate or even more scientific. If we want to be more specific, thanks to the new technologies applied to soccer (the most famous and the richest sport all over the world), it is now clear that, in order to interpret the performances of the team and of the single athlete using physical indexes, an analysis of the performance using statistics-mathematical critiria is needed. Recent studies say that not only the stages of the game at high speed are decisive, but also every moment in which aceleration and deceleration rates overstep the high-intensity threshold is critical. Those athletic situations require an high metabolic charge, which can be different dipending on what kind of activity the player fulfills. Even though there are a lot of researches analysing athletic, technical and strategic aspects of soccer (even elite soccer), no studies analysing the quality and the quantity of work fulfilled at high intensity can be found today. Moreover, none of the studies mentions the importance that this athletic ability has, in order to reach the set goals. The project of our research basically tries to add a specific study (even though it is a preliminary study) to the athletic interpretation. The aim of this study would be to evaluate the sport determinants mentioned above. Thanks to the cooperation of professor Riccardo Izzo (School of Physical Education, Urbino Carlo Bo) with the International Company K-sport (Italian Excellency which created the first system based on mathematical criteria analysing soccer performances. This system was certified and patented worldwide; In 2012 K-sport became scientific and technologic partner of the Amisco&Prozone group; In 2015 it became official scientific partner of STATS, American Company match analytical, leader of sport all over the World), represented by Mirko Marcolini, 10 we have been able to analyse the performance in high-level european soccer. This analysis focused on 5 main Championships (Spanish, English, German, Italian and French Championships). The research analyses 26 players per game (reserves included) and 260 athletes per Championship; this means a total of 1300 players (average age: 28.4/ average height: 179 cm) and 9100 parameters analysed. The high-intensity parameters are: Covered distance at a speed >16 km/h Covered distance with an aceleration >2 m/s2 Covered distance with a decelation > -2 m/s2 Covered distance with a MP >20 Watt/kg Average MP D = total distance Drel = Distance per minute The aims can be summarized in two points: on one hand the research wanted to evaluate the actual work above threshold of high intensity and its performance value; on the other hand it wanted to re-adjust the MP (metabolic power) in order to have an actual evaluation of the metabolic charge needed in high-intensity activities. The results do not show an important difference in performance among the Championships taken into account, but they reveal that the ability of fulfilling important activities at high intensity is not complete.

Quantificare il carico fisiologico imposto ai calciatori di alto livello durante le competizioni è necessario per progettare protocolli di lavoro specifici per lo sport praticato. L’esigenza dell’allenatore del mondo sportivo d’élite è oggigiorno, certamente qualificare, rendere più accurata se non scientifica, la progettazione del lavoro in campo. Nello specifico con l’ausilio delle nuove tecnologie applicate al gioco del calcio, sport più conosciuto e ricco a livello mondiale, si evidenzia come un’analisi della prestazione effettuata con criteri statistici-matematici sia di fondamentale aiuto nella lettura, in indici fisici, delle performance effettuate dalla squadra e dai giocatori (analisi individuale). Studi recenti sostengono che non sarebbero soltanto le fasi di gara passate ad alte velocità ad essere determinanti, ma ciascun istante nel quale i valori di accelerazione e decelerazione oltrepassano le soglie di alta intensità. Tali situazioni atletiche richiedono un impegno metabolico elevato ed anche differente, a seconda dell’attività svolta. Sebbene sono presenti numerosi lavori che hanno analizzato aspetti atletici, tecnici-tattici della competizione calcistica, anche a livelli d’élite, attualmente non esistono studi che analizzano la qualità e la quantità di lavoro espressa in alta intensità e che dichiarano l’importanza di tale capacità atletica nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi prefissati. Il nostro progetto di ricerca cerca sostanzialmente di aggiungere, nella letteratura sportiva, uno studio specifico, seppur preliminare, indirizzato alla valutazione di tali determinanti competitivi. Grazie alla collaborazione del Prof. Riccardo Izzo (Scuola di Scienze Motorie, Urbino Carlo Bò) con l’azienda internazionale K-sport, (eccellenza italiana ideatrice del primo sistema per l’analisi della prestazione calcistica realmente basato su criteri matematici, certificato e brevettato a livello mondiale; dal 2012 K-Sport diventa partner scientifico e tecnologico del gruppo Amisco&Prozone; dal 2015 partener ufficiale scientifico della STATS, azienda americana match analitica leader mondiale nello sport) rappresentata dal Ign. Mirko Marcolini, 8 è stato possibile poter effettuare un lavoro di analisi della prestazione nel calcio di massima serie a livello europeo, focalizzando l’attenzione sui cinque campionati principali: campionati spagnolo, inglese, tedesco, italiano, francese. La ricerca prende in esame 26 giocatori per ogni match analizzato (comprese anche le riserve), 260 atleti per ogni campionato, per una totalità di 1300 giocatori(di età media 28.4 e altezza media di 1.79 metri) e 9100 parametri analizzati. I parametri di alta intensità valutati sono: - Distanza ricoperta con una V > 16 Km/h - Distanza ricoperta con una Acc > 2 m/2 - Distanza ricoperta con una Dec > -2 m/2 - Distanza ricoperta con una MP > 20 Watt/Kg - MP media - D = Distanza Totale - Drel = Distanza al minuto Gli obiettivi sostanzialmente possono essere sintetizzati in due direzioni; da un lato si è voluto valutare l’effettivo lavoro svolto sopra le soglie di alta intensità e il suo valore performativo, da l’altro proporre una ricalibrazione della MP (potenza metabolica) per avere una stima effettiva dell’impegno metabolico necessario a compiere attività in alta intensità. Certamente i risultati non ci indicano una differenza prestativa significativa tra i campionati presi in considerazione ma ci descrivono la non completa capacità di esprimere lavoro determinante di alta intensità.

Un’evoluzione internazionale sullo studio scientifico del lavoro erogato sopra soglia in accelerazione, decelerazione, velocità e potenza metabolica, nel calcio d’élite

SOPRANZETTI, SEILA
2016

Abstract

What is necessary in order to create a specific work plan for a sport, is to quantify the physiological charge required to soccer players during high-level competitions. Nowadays, the trainer's requirement in elite-sports is to qualify, certainly, but also to make the planning of work on the field more accurate or even more scientific. If we want to be more specific, thanks to the new technologies applied to soccer (the most famous and the richest sport all over the world), it is now clear that, in order to interpret the performances of the team and of the single athlete using physical indexes, an analysis of the performance using statistics-mathematical critiria is needed. Recent studies say that not only the stages of the game at high speed are decisive, but also every moment in which aceleration and deceleration rates overstep the high-intensity threshold is critical. Those athletic situations require an high metabolic charge, which can be different dipending on what kind of activity the player fulfills. Even though there are a lot of researches analysing athletic, technical and strategic aspects of soccer (even elite soccer), no studies analysing the quality and the quantity of work fulfilled at high intensity can be found today. Moreover, none of the studies mentions the importance that this athletic ability has, in order to reach the set goals. The project of our research basically tries to add a specific study (even though it is a preliminary study) to the athletic interpretation. The aim of this study would be to evaluate the sport determinants mentioned above. Thanks to the cooperation of professor Riccardo Izzo (School of Physical Education, Urbino Carlo Bo) with the International Company K-sport (Italian Excellency which created the first system based on mathematical criteria analysing soccer performances. This system was certified and patented worldwide; In 2012 K-sport became scientific and technologic partner of the Amisco&Prozone group; In 2015 it became official scientific partner of STATS, American Company match analytical, leader of sport all over the World), represented by Mirko Marcolini, 10 we have been able to analyse the performance in high-level european soccer. This analysis focused on 5 main Championships (Spanish, English, German, Italian and French Championships). The research analyses 26 players per game (reserves included) and 260 athletes per Championship; this means a total of 1300 players (average age: 28.4/ average height: 179 cm) and 9100 parameters analysed. The high-intensity parameters are: Covered distance at a speed >16 km/h Covered distance with an aceleration >2 m/s2 Covered distance with a decelation > -2 m/s2 Covered distance with a MP >20 Watt/kg Average MP D = total distance Drel = Distance per minute The aims can be summarized in two points: on one hand the research wanted to evaluate the actual work above threshold of high intensity and its performance value; on the other hand it wanted to re-adjust the MP (metabolic power) in order to have an actual evaluation of the metabolic charge needed in high-intensity activities. The results do not show an important difference in performance among the Championships taken into account, but they reveal that the ability of fulfilling important activities at high intensity is not complete.
An international evolution process about scientific study of the performance delivered over threshold in acceleration, deceleration, metabolic power and speed in élite soccer
2016
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11576/2641531
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