This work addresses the thematic node of Italy’s political and cultural transition after World War II. It starts from the cases of former partisans and women accused of collaborationism who were involved in different forms of justice (institutionalized and not, extraordinary and ordinary) and violence (insurrectional, residual, political) in the provinces of Forli, Ravenna, and Bologna (1944-1955). Subsequently, this works provides an analysis that crosses the dynamics of pacification and normalization, which are understood as practices aimed at neutralizing ongoing conflicts and defining the new political and social order. The cases under study are analyzed in relation to Italy’s democratic transition and de-fascistization, as well as to the country’s need to reinterpret the “Ventennio” and the experience of war – be it total, civil, or global. At the same time, this work relates political and institutional history on one side, and the redefinition of personal and collective identities and individual spheres of action on the other - beginning with the renunciation of the direct exercise (in arms) of sovereignty and the attempt to restore traditional, sexualized social roles, which uniformly invested the public and private spheres. Specifically, it addresses the issue of gender "renegotiation,” starting from the contrast that ensued between conservative drives, whose aim was to restore traditional gender roles, and emancipationist drives that had been accelerated by wartime exceptionalism. It also focuses on "gender justice," - that is, the ways in which female gender is configured as politically relevant in court cases and sentencing. Finally, it investigates cases of sexually connoted punishments that were inflicted both at a public and popular level.
La presente ricerca affronta il nodo tematico della transizione politico-istituzionale e culturale nel secondo dopoguerra italiano, a partire dai casi di ex partigiane e donne accusate di collaborazionismo coinvolte in forme di giustizia – istituzionalizzata e non, straordinaria e ordinaria – e di violenza – insurrezionale, residuale, politica –, nelle province di Forlì, Ravenna e Bologna (1944-1955). Si muove, dunque, in maniera trasversale rispetto alle dinamiche di pacificazione e normalizzazione, intese come pratiche volte a neutralizzare i conflitti ancora aperti e a definire il nuovo ordine politico e sociale. L’analisi condotta, infatti, mette in dialogo i casi oggetto di studio con la transizione democratica e la defascistizzazione, così come con la necessità di rielaborare il Ventennio e l’esperienza della guerra – totale, civile, mondiale –. Allo stesso tempo, mette in relazione la storia politica e istituzionale con la ridefinizione delle identità personali e collettive e delle singole sfere d’azione, a partire dalla rinuncia all’esercizio diretto – in armi – della sovranità e dal tentativo di restaurare i ruoli sociali tradizionali, sessualmente connotati, che investì in maniera uniforme la sfera pubblica e privata. Nello specifico, affronta il tema della “rinegoziazione” di genere, a partire dall’attrito individuato tra le spinte conservatrici, volte a restaurare i ruoli di genere tradizionali, e le spinte emancipazioniste accelerate dalla condizione di eccezionalità bellica. Inoltre, focalizza l’attenzione sulla “giustizia di genere”, ossia sulle modalità con cui il genere femminile si configura come politicamente rilevante nei dibattimenti e nelle sentenze. Infine, indaga i casi di punizioni sessualmente connotate eseguite a livello pubblico e popolare.
GIUDICARE, PUNIRE, NORMALIZZARE: COLLABORAZIONISTE E PARTIGIANE TRA BOLOGNA, FORLÌ E RAVENNA (1944-1955)
CELLI, LIDIA
2023
Abstract
This work addresses the thematic node of Italy’s political and cultural transition after World War II. It starts from the cases of former partisans and women accused of collaborationism who were involved in different forms of justice (institutionalized and not, extraordinary and ordinary) and violence (insurrectional, residual, political) in the provinces of Forli, Ravenna, and Bologna (1944-1955). Subsequently, this works provides an analysis that crosses the dynamics of pacification and normalization, which are understood as practices aimed at neutralizing ongoing conflicts and defining the new political and social order. The cases under study are analyzed in relation to Italy’s democratic transition and de-fascistization, as well as to the country’s need to reinterpret the “Ventennio” and the experience of war – be it total, civil, or global. At the same time, this work relates political and institutional history on one side, and the redefinition of personal and collective identities and individual spheres of action on the other - beginning with the renunciation of the direct exercise (in arms) of sovereignty and the attempt to restore traditional, sexualized social roles, which uniformly invested the public and private spheres. Specifically, it addresses the issue of gender "renegotiation,” starting from the contrast that ensued between conservative drives, whose aim was to restore traditional gender roles, and emancipationist drives that had been accelerated by wartime exceptionalism. It also focuses on "gender justice," - that is, the ways in which female gender is configured as politically relevant in court cases and sentencing. Finally, it investigates cases of sexually connoted punishments that were inflicted both at a public and popular level.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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