Libanius’ ‘political’ works have fallen into disrepute since the 18th century, and important historians have placed almost no political value on the invectives of Libanius, deemed merely fictitious and thus discredited. Towards the end of the fourth century CE, the Antiochene rhetor Libanius wrote an invective against Eustathius, consularis Syriae in the city of Antioch, in office for ten months in the year 388. Only five manuscripts contain this speech, out of the one hundred and sixty manuscripts that contain the oratorical corpus of Libanius. The speech was first published in 1627 and then edited and commented in 1776. Lastly, Richard Förster provided a full and modern critical edition of the speech in 1908. Non only the state of art of this invective is almost non-existent, but there has been a particularly harsh appraisal of this speech among modern historians. The reason may be due to the genre itself, but also to the specific characteristics of this speech. In fact, Libanius accuses the governor Eustathius mostly from a private point of view. One of the main consequences of this aspect is a particular prosopographical effect: while according to Menander Rhetor, invectives should be as much as possible anonymous (Men. Rh. 2. 291. 6-10), this is definitely not the case of Libanius’ Oration 54, the invective written against the consularis Syriae Eustathius (389 ca). While the name of the governor is carefully avoided throughout the text, the oration is crowded by the many different characters that are mentioned one after the other by Libanius.
L’orazione di Libanio numero LIV, “A Eustazio sugli onori”, fu composta intorno al 389 poco dopo, verosimilmente, la destituzione del consularis Syriae Eustazio, in carica ad Antiochia per soli dieci mesi, a cui (e contro cui) l’orazione è rivolta. Questa appartiene al gruppo delle invettive di Libanio, orazioni composte principalmente negli anni ’80 e scritte contro un rappresentante imperiale di Antiochia, sede del comes Orientis e del consularis Syriae. La produzione più politica, compromettente, delle orazioni di Libanio è stata a lungo screditata e ritenuta priva di alcun valore storico. D’altronde, è solo recente la rivalutazione, nonché la definizione, della vasta e poliedrica produzione retorica tardoantica che in senso lato può ricadere sotto la definizione di “invettiva” e la categoria, di per sé non univoca, di ψόγος. Nel caso particolare di Libanio, dunque, a lungo si è ritenuto che queste orazioni fossero scritte per sfogo personale, prive di rimandi reali e non destinate ad alcuna pubblicazione. Addirittura, che avessero una destinazione scolastica. Eppure, l’Orazione LIV di scolastico ha ben poco, costellata di riferimenti alla realtà contemporanea dell’autore e del suo pubblico che, sebbene ristretto, doveva esserci.
Tecniche libaniane dell’invettiva. Testo, traduzione e commento dell’Orazione LIV di Libanio.
MANDER, BARBARA
2025
Abstract
Libanius’ ‘political’ works have fallen into disrepute since the 18th century, and important historians have placed almost no political value on the invectives of Libanius, deemed merely fictitious and thus discredited. Towards the end of the fourth century CE, the Antiochene rhetor Libanius wrote an invective against Eustathius, consularis Syriae in the city of Antioch, in office for ten months in the year 388. Only five manuscripts contain this speech, out of the one hundred and sixty manuscripts that contain the oratorical corpus of Libanius. The speech was first published in 1627 and then edited and commented in 1776. Lastly, Richard Förster provided a full and modern critical edition of the speech in 1908. Non only the state of art of this invective is almost non-existent, but there has been a particularly harsh appraisal of this speech among modern historians. The reason may be due to the genre itself, but also to the specific characteristics of this speech. In fact, Libanius accuses the governor Eustathius mostly from a private point of view. One of the main consequences of this aspect is a particular prosopographical effect: while according to Menander Rhetor, invectives should be as much as possible anonymous (Men. Rh. 2. 291. 6-10), this is definitely not the case of Libanius’ Oration 54, the invective written against the consularis Syriae Eustathius (389 ca). While the name of the governor is carefully avoided throughout the text, the oration is crowded by the many different characters that are mentioned one after the other by Libanius.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Mander_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Tecniche libaniane dell’invettiva: edizione, traduzione e commento dell’orazione LIV
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