Anthropometric and somatotype characteristics of young soccer players: differences among categories, sub-categories and playing position

Considering that anthropometric parameters are important factors in the performance of the soccer players, the aim of this study was to explore the differences in anthropometric and somatotype characteristics of Italian Young Soccer Players. Weight, Height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and somatotype of 112 young soccer players, grouped in Giovanissimi “A” (14 yrs), “B” (13 yrs) and “C” (12 yrs), Allievi “B” (15 yrs) and ”A” (16 yrs) and “Juniores” (>17 yrs), were evaluated. Statistical analysis tests were computed at p≤0.05 and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) for each somatotype was calculated to analyze the main effects and interactions of the factors: categories, sub-categories and playing position. Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis was used to identify differences among means. Considering all subjects, we have found significant differences in categories, sub-categories and playing position between anthropometric values and a somatotype value of 2.8-3.8-2.9. Significant differences have found among Goalkeepers and the others playing position in endomorphy (p≤0.001) and with Defenders and Midfielders in ectomorphy (p<0.01) components, whereas no differences in mesomorphy. Analyzing the interaction between sub-categories and playing position factors, a significant effect was found only in endomorphy component (p= 0.05). The analysis of anthropometric characteristic of Italian young soccer players indicate that players have high muscularity value and low adiposity. This study showed the presence of somatotype differences for playing position within categories also in the youngest categories and sub-categories, in particular, in endomorphy component. Young soccer players should be trained with more appropriate and specific training-load to avoid the increased injury risk during adolescence.