Effect of lifestyle interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic control in breast cancer survivors: Evidence from MoviS clinical trial.

Purpose: Lifestyle interventions (LI) in breast cancer (BC) survivors (BCSs) have a high health and social impact on both health-related outcomes and disease-free survival rates. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiometabolic effects of LI in BCSs. Methods: 30 BCSs (women; stages 0–II; non-metastatic; age 53.5 ± 7.6 years; non-physically active) participating in the MoviS trial (NCT04818359) were randomly allocated to an intervention (IA) and a control (CA) arm. Both groups received a 3-month LI based on nutritional and exercise counseling. In addition, the IA was supposed to receive a 3-month remotely (1 day/week) and on-site (2 day/week) supervised aerobic exercise training program having progressive increases in exercise intensity (40%-70% of heart rate reserve) and duration (20–60 min). Due to the imposed COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, from the 4th week the type of exercise supervision of IA was adapted to solely remotely supervised. Before the LI (t0), and 3 (t1), 6 (t2), and 12 (t3) months from LI start participants’ body mass index (BMI), physical activity level (PAL), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), glycemia (GLY), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TRI) were assessed. A general linear model (multiple analysis of variance for repeated measures) was used to compare the dependent variables (BMI, VO2max, GLY, LDL, and TRI) between groups (IA and CA-between factor) over time (t0, t1, t2, and t3-within factor). For each dependent variable, a simple contrast between baseline (t0) and post-intervention (t1, t2, and t3) values was performed. At each time point, Pearson’s r between the PAL and the dependent variables was evaluated. Alfa = 0.05. Results: There was no difference between IA and CA. There was a significant effect (p\0.001) of time on VO2max and GLY but not on BMI, LDL, and TRI. Compared to t0 (30.6 ± 5.6) VO2max increased at t1 (34.0 ± 6.0; p\0.001), t2 (33.6 ± 6.3; p\0.001), and t3 (32.8 ± 6.0; p = 0.001). Whereas, compared to t0 (101.0 ± 11.6) GLY decreased (p \ 0.001) at t1 (91.9 ± 11.1), t2 (90.3 ± 10.8), and t3 (94.7 ± 10.6). PAL was correlated positively with VO2max (r: t0 = 0.58, t1 = 0.45, t2 = 0.56, t3 = 0.71) and negatively with BMI (r: t0 = - 0.65, t1 = -0.69, t2 = -0.68, t3 = -071), GLY (r: t0 = -0.23, t1 = -0.36,t2=-0.35,t3=-0.34),TRI(r:t0=-0.30,t1=-0.32,t2=-0.22,t3=- 0.33), and LDL (r: t0 = -0.42, t1 = -0.45, t2 = -0.37, t3 = -0.30). Conclusions: LI improved cardiometabolic health in BCSs, and these improvements were correlated with PAL. References 1. Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS et al. (2020) World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior. Br J Sports Med 54(24):1451–1462. 2. Natalucci V, Ferri Marini C et al. (2021) Effects of a Home-Based Lifestyle Intervention Program on Cardiometabolic Health in Breast Cancer Survivors during the COVID-19 Lockdown. J Clin Med 10(12):2678.