The impact of lean tools on sustainability dimensions: a systematic literature review

Purpose – This study aims to understand the effects of lean tools on the different sustainability dimensions and to identify possible gaps and directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach – A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted. Considering the period from 2013 to 2024, a total of 106 articles were covered. The review identified 49 lean tools that can contribute to the achievement of sustainable goals. Findings – The application of lean techniques can increase economic performance, especially in terms of cost reduction, time efficiency, inventory management, productivity, quality, and profitability. On the environmental side, the main contributions concern optimising the use of resources, reducing waste and pollution. Lean tools also have a positive impact on the social dimension, improving the well-being and satisfaction of employees, their skills and health and safety in the workplace. The 10 lean tools most investigated for their effects on sustainability were also identified. While all these techniques significantly increase economic performance, the positive effects on social and environmental sustainability differ across tools. Further studies are therefore needed to holistically evaluate the influence of lean techniques on sustainability and define models that can measure this interrelationship, with greater efforts to include the social pillar. Originality/value – The paper offers a new systematic perspective on the interrelation between Lean tools and sustainability, highlighting how most studies focus on economic and environmental aspects, while the social impact of Lean tools is less explored. It therefore suggests the need for further research to better assess this dimension.